Skip to main content Skip to navigation

The Unsung Heroes of Imaging

The gamut of different colour spaces, plotted in a CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram.

Image is BenRG and cmglee, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Abstract

Hidden, like a hero whose tale is lost to time, there is a common thread weaving through analog television, video, and modern digital imaging. That thread is called luma-chroma colour spaces, and powers how humans are able to see, process, and transmit colours across a variety of media and purposes.

This talk is intended to lift the veil about these color spaces; we will cover their origins, what they are intended for, and showcase samples covering the past 60 years of imaging technologies. Examples include (but are not limited) to: NTSC, PAL, the Okta color spaces, YCbCr, XYB…

Media coverage

This talk was given at FireShonks, an event part of the 37th Chaos Communication Congress.

This is the official C3VOC recording of the talk. The slides and the official synopsis are available here. Source code for the slides is available on GitHub.

References

  1. Allen, Elizabeth. 2010. “Colour Management Systems.” In The Manual of Photography, edited by Elizabeth Allen and Sophie Triantaphillidou, 10th ed. Focal Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-240-52037-7.10026-2.
  2. ———. 2010. “Digital Colour Reproduction.” In The Manual of Photography, edited by Elizabeth Allen and Sophie Triantaphillidou, 10th ed. Focal Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-240-52037-7.10023-7.
  3. Ebner, Fritz. 1998. Derivation and Modelling Hue Uniformity and Development of the IPT Color Space. Rochester Institute of Technology. https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/2858.
  4. Gonzalez, Rafael C., and Richard E. Woods. 2018. Digital Image Processing. 4th ed. Harlow, Essex, UK: Pearson Education.
  5. Izraelevitz, D., and J. L. Koslov. 1982. “Code Utilization for Component-Coded Digital Video.” In Tomorrow’s Television: 16th Annual SMPTE Television Conference, 22–30. https://doi.org/10.5594/M00619.
  6. Poynton, Charles. 2012. Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces. 2nd ed. Morgan Kaufmann.
  7. Safdar, Muhammad, Guihua Cui, Youn Jin Kim, and Ming Ronnier Luo. 2017. “Perceptually Uniform Color Space for Image Signals Including High Dynamic Range and Wide Gamut.” Opt. Express 25 (13): 15131–51. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.015131.
  8. Tooms, Michael S. 2016. Colour Reproduction in Electronic Imaging Systems. 1st ed. John Wiley & Sons.
  9. Dolby Laboratories. 2016. “ICtCp White Paper.” https://web.archive.org/web/20160508234602/https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/ictcp-white-paper.pdf.
  10. International Color Consortium. 2010. “Specification ICC.1:2010 (Profile Version 4.3.0.0).” https://www.color.org/icc_specs2.xalter.
  11. International Electrotechnical Commission. 2002. “Multimedia Systems and Equipment - Colour Measurement and Management - Part 2-1: Colour Management - Default RGB Colour Space - SRGB.” https://www.evs.ee/en/evs-en-61966-2-1-2002.
  12. International Telecommunications Union. 2015. “Parameter Values for Ultra High Definition Television Systems for Production and International Programme Exchange.” https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2020-2-201510-I/en.
  13. ———. 2011. “Reference Electro-Optical Transfer Function for Flat Panel Displays Used in HDTV Studio Production.” https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.1886-0-201103-I/en.
  14. ———. 2018. “Image Parameter Values for High Dynamic Range Television for Use in Production and International Programme Exchange.” https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2100-2-201807-I/en.
  15. ———. 2016. “Coding-Independent Code Points for Video Signal Type Identification.” https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.273-201612-S/en.
  16. ———. 2011. “Studio Encoding Parameters of Digital Television for Standard 4:3 and Wide-Screen 16:9 Aspect Ratios.” https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.601-7-201103-I/en.
  17. ———. 1998. “Conventional Television Systems.” https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.470-6-199811-S/en.
  18. ———. 2015. “Parameter Values for the HDTV Standards for Production and International Programme Exchange.” https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.709-6-201506-I/en.
  19. ———. 2005. “Characteristics of Composite Video Signals for Conventional Analogue Television Systems.” https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.1700-0-200502-I/en.